Publication Ethics

At Prime Peer, we uphold the highest standards of publication ethics and are committed to ensuring the integrity, quality, and transparency of the research we publish. We enforce a rigorous double-blind peer review process and adhere to strict ethical policies in line with international guidelines, including those of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).

We take all allegations of misconduct seriously. When ethical concerns arise, Prime Peer is committed to investigating thoroughly and taking the necessary corrective actions to maintain the trust of the academic community and protect the welfare of research participants.

Article Assessment

All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial screening followed by double-blind peer review to ensure scholarly merit and adherence to ethical and academic standards. Reviewers remain anonymous to maintain objectivity. Manuscripts may also be assessed by external experts in cases involving:

  • Biosecurity or societal implications
  • Ethical complexities or compliance concerns
  • Security risks

Such decisions may involve specialized reviewers, additional editors, or editorial board consultations.

Plagiarism and Misconduct

Prime Peer maintains a zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, and image manipulation. Submissions are screened using iThenticate plagiarism detection software.

Plagiarism

  • Copying text, data, or ideas without proper attribution, including from one’s own previous works, constitutes plagiarism.
  • Direct quotations must be marked and cited.
  • Inspired study designs or language must also be appropriately credited.

If detected:

  • During review: manuscript may be rejected.
  • After publication: article may be retracted or corrected.

Image Manipulation

Manipulation includes:

  1. Altering images to misrepresent data
  2. Merging images inappropriately
  3. Adjusting visual parameters to obscure findings

Unethical image handling may result in rejection or retraction.

Data Integrity

All data must be original, verifiable, and accurately presented. Unacceptable practices include:

  • Data fabrication or falsification
  • Cherry-picking results
  • P-hacking or inappropriate analysis
  • Excluding contradictory data without justification

Duplicate Submission and Redundant Publication

Prime Peer only considers original work. Manuscripts must not be under review elsewhere and should not be published in any language. Exceptions:

  • Preprints
  • Institutional repositories
  • Theses (with clear attribution)

Authors must disclose overlap with any prior publication and ensure that any reused content is cited appropriately. Redundant publication (e.g., “salami slicing”) or dual submission may lead to sanctions or retraction.

Citation Manipulation

Citations must be relevant and justified. Inappropriate practices such as:

  • Excessive self-citation
  • Coercive citation requests by reviewers/editors
  • Citation padding for impact factor inflation

…are unethical and may result in rejection or other disciplinary actions.

Fabrication and Falsification

Fabricated or falsified content—including text, data, or visuals—is grounds for manuscript rejection, sanctions against the authors, and possible retraction of published work.

Authorship and Acknowledgments

Prime Peer follows the ICMJE authorship criteria. Authors must:

  • Contribute substantially to the conception, design, or data interpretation
  • Draft or critically revise the manuscript
  • Approve the final version
  • Accept responsibility for the work’s integrity

Changes to authorship post-submission require written consent from all listed authors. Contributors not meeting authorship criteria should be listed in Acknowledgments with their permission.

Copyright and Licensing

All content in Prime Peer journals is published under Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license:

  • Authors retain copyright
  • Articles may be read, shared, and reused with appropriate citation
  • Maximum visibility and scholarly reach are ensured

For exceptional licensing needs (e.g., funder requirements), authors must notify the editorial office during submission.

Permission must be obtained for:

  • Previously published content
  • Non-original images, tables, or charts
  • Reused material from other publishers

Translations

Translated works may be accepted under these conditions:

  • All original authors must be included
  • Permissions from copyright holders obtained
  • Submission must clearly disclose previous publication history
  • The original source must be cited as:
    "This is a translation of [Title], originally published in [Language] by [Publisher]. Permission granted by [Copyright Holder].”

Unapproved or incomplete translations will be rejected.

Conflicts of Interest (COIs)

COIs may arise at any stage of the research or publication process. All potential conflicts must be disclosed—financial, personal, institutional, or ideological.

Authors must provide a Conflict-of-Interest Statement (e.g., “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”). Funding sources and third-party involvement must also be disclosed.

Editors and reviewers must recuse themselves if:

  • They have published or collaborated with the author recently
  • They have a personal or financial relationship
  • Objectivity is compromised

Failure to disclose COIs may lead to rejection or retraction.

Corrections and Retractions

Corrections and retractions are handled transparently and follow COPE guidelines.

  • Retractions are issued for serious ethical violations or irreparable errors.
  • Articles will be watermarked “RETRACTED” but retained on the site for reference.
  • Partial retractions may be published if only a section is invalid.
  • Complete removal will occur only if legal or safety issues are involved.

Prime Peer is committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethical publishing. By submitting to our journals, authors agree to adhere to these principles. We believe that ethical research is the foundation of scientific progress and welcome the collaboration of researchers who share this vision.